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Nickel 200 is a commercially pure nickel alloy possessing good corrosion resistance and relativelylow electrical resistivity. Has been used in a wide variety of applications including food handling equipment, magnetically actuated parts, sonar devices, and electrical and electronic leads.
Nickel 201 is a low carbon variety of Nickel alloy 200 possessing low annealed hardness and a very low work-hardening rate desirable for cold forming operations. It is highly resistant to corrosion by neutral and alkaline salt solutions, fluorine and chlorine. Has been used in food and synthetic fiber processing, heat exchangers, chemical and electrical industries.
Chemical Compositions:
| C | Cu | Fe | Mn | Si | S | Ni |
| Max 0.15 | Max 0.25 | Max 0.40 | Max 0.35 | Max 0.35 | Max 0.01 | Balance |
Physical Properties:
| Specific gravity ......................... 8.89 Density lb/cu in ..................................... 0.321 Average Coefficient of Thermal Expansion x 10(-6)/°C (25° to 100°C) ........................... 13.0 Electrical Resistivity Ohms cir-mil/ft ............................ 57 Microhm-cm ............................... 9.5 Temperature Cofficient of Resistance(/°C) .............. 0.004/0.005 Specific Heat, cal/g/°C ............ 0.108 |
Thermal Conductivity @ R.T., Btu-in/ft²-hr-°F ................. 306 W/m-K ............................................ 44 Curie Temperature ........ 680°F(360°C) Melting Point ............ 2624°F(1440°C) Magnetic Saturation (Telsa) ....... 0.61 Modulus of Elasticity in Tension(x10(6)psi) ....................... 30 Magnetostriction @ Saturation (Bs) x 10(-6) Δ L/L .......................... 30 |
Mechanical Properties:
| Condition | Ultimate Tensile Strength |
Yield Strength |
% Elongation in 2" |
| ksi | ksi | ||
| Wire Annealed Hard drawn Strip Annealed Cold Rolled Rod & Bar Annealed Cold drawn |
70 120 70 100 60 90 |
25 110 20 85 20 70 |
40 5 40 5 45 25 |
Kovar alloy is a vacuum melted, iron-nickel-cobalt alloy that is widely used in the electronics industry.suitable for sealing to hard glasses, in applications requiring high reliability or resistance to thermal shock, ie. high power transmitting valves.
Chemical Compositions::
| C | Ni | Fe | Si | Mn | S | Co |
| Max0.02 | Nom29.0 | Balance | Max0.20 | Max0.30 | Max0.025 | Nom17.0 |
Thermal Expansion Properties:
| Temperature |
Coefficient |
||
| 77°F to | 25°C to | 10(-6)/°F | 10(-6)/°C |
| 212 392 572 662 752 842 932 1112 1292 1472 1652 |
100 200 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900 |
3.25 2.89 2.85 2.72 2.81 2.92 3.41 4.34 5.06 5.73 6.25 |
5.86 5.20 5.13 4.89 5.06 5.25 6.15 7.80 9.12 10.31 11.26 |
Mechanical Properties in the Annealed Condition:
| Yield Strength (0.1% Offset) | Tensile Strength | Elongation | ||
| psi | MPa | psi | MPa | (%) |
| 49,000 | 340 | 75,000 | 520 | 42 |
Physical Properties:
| DENSITY | 8.16 g/cm3 | 0.295 lb/in3 |
| MELTING POINT | 1450oC | 2640oF |
| INFLECTION POINT | 450°C | 840°F |
| THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY | 16.7 W/m•°C | 116 btu•in/ft2•h°F |
Invar 36 is a Nickel-Iron, low expansion alloy containing 36% Nickel, belongs to one of the controlled expansion alloys with the lowest thermal expansion coefficient of any of the iron-nickel alloys. It is widely used in the electronics industry such as radios, thermostats, glass-to-metal seals and structural components in laser systems.
Chemical Compositions:
| C | Mn | S | P | Si | Cr | Ni | Fe |
| Max 0.10 | Max 0.50 | Max 0.004 | Max0.006 | Max 0.35 | Max 0.25 | Nom 36.0 | Balance |
Physical Properties:
| Specific gravity ................ 8.08 Density lb/cu in ......................... 0.291 kg/cu m ......................... 8055 Thermal conductivity Btu-in/ft²/hr/°F ................ 72.6 W/m þ K .......................... 10.5 |
Electrical resistivity ohm-cir mil/ft ................... 495 microhm-mm ...................... 820 Temperature coefficient of electrical resistivity per °F (70/212°F) ............. 0.0006 per °C (21/100°C) ............. 0.0011 |
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion:
| Temperature Range | Coefficient of Thermal Expansion | ||
| ℃ | ℉ | 10-6/℃ | 10-6/℉ |
| 20~100 20~150 20~200 20~250 20~300 20~350 |
68~212 68~302 68~392 68~482 68~572 68~662 |
1.5 2.0 2.6 3.5 5.5 7.2 |
0.8 1.1 1.4 1.9 3.1 4.0 |
Mechanical Properties in the Annealed Condition:
| Hardness | Tensile Strength | Yield Strength | Elongation | Modulus of Elasticity |
| 125 HV | 447 Nmm-2 | 278 Nmm-2 | <45% | 140 - 150 GPa |
Alloy 400 is a copper-nickel alloy that is resistant to seawater corrosion as well as to a variety of acids and other corrosive media. It is widely used in marine applications, because of its good corrosion resistance it is also used in chemical plant equipment.
Chemical Compositions:
| C | Cu | Fe | Mn | Si | S | Ni |
| Max 0.30 | 28-34 | Max 2.5 | Max 2.0 | Max 0.5 | Max 0.024 | Min 63 |
Physical Properties:
| Physical Property | Temp.,°F | Temp.,°C | Metric Units |
| Density | Room | Room | 8.83 g/cm³ |
| Electrical Resistivity |
70 200 400 600 800 |
21 93 204 316 427 |
0.51 microhm-m 0.53 microhm-m 0.56 microhm-m 0.57 microhm-m 0.59 microhm-m |
| Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion |
70-200 70-400 70-600 70-800 |
21-93 21-204 21-316 21-427 |
13.9 X 10(-6)m/m-K 15.5 X 10(-6)m/m-K 15.8 X 10(-6)m/m-K 16.0 X 10(-6)m/m-K |
| Thermal Conductivity |
70 200 400 600 800 |
21 93 204 316 427 |
21.8 W/m-K 24.1 W/m-K 27.8 W/m-K 31.0 W/m-K 34.3 W/m-K |
Mechanical Properties:
| Form | Condition | Ultimate Tensile Strength ksi(MPa) |
Yield Strength at 0.2% offset, ksi(MPa) |
Elongation in 2" or 4D, percent |
| Sheet, Plate, Strip | Annealed | 70.0 (480) | 28.0 (195) | 35 |
| Bar | Annealed | 70.0 (480) | 25.0 (170) | 35 |
Manganin is a copper-manganese-nickel alloy with a low strain sensitivity, but a relatively high sensitivity to hydrostatic pressure. It is oftern used for cryostat writing or heater requirements in nonmagnetic shunt applications.
Chemical Compositions:
| Mn | Ni | Cu |
| 11.5-13.5 | 2.5-3.5 | Balance |
Constantan is a copper-nickel alloy that contains specific minor amounts of additional elements to achieve precise values for the temperature coefficient of resistivity. It is used chiefly in electrical instruments because of its constant resistance under variations of temperature.
Chemical Compositions:
| Ni | Mn | Fe | Cu |
| 44.2 | 1.5 | 0.5 | Balance |
A nickel-chromium alloy primarily used as an electric resistance-heating element in wire and strip forms. Applications include industrial and domestic heating elements and wire wound resistors and potentiometers.
Chemical Compositions:
| ChemicalCompositions | Cr | Si | Fe | Mn | Ni |
| NiCr80/20 | 20-23 | 0.75-1.60 | Max1.0 | Max 0.6 | Min.77 |
| NiCr60/15 | 15-18 | 0.75-1.60 | Balance | Max0.6 | 57-61 |
Iron-Chrome-Aluminum alloy performs well at high temperatures although cold working is inferior to Nickel-Chrome alloys. It also has high resistivity. Applications include heating elements and silica glass tubes.
Chemical Compositions:
| Grade | Cr | Ni | Al | Fe |
| 1Cr13Al4 | 12.0~15.0 | ≤0.60 | 4.0~6.0 | Bal. |
| 0Cr25Al5 | 23.0~26.0 | ≤0.60 | 4.5~6.5 | Bal. |
| 0Cr23Al5 | 20.5~23.5 | ≤0.60 | 4.2~5.3 | Bal. |
| 0Cr21Al6 | 19.0~22.0 | ≤0.60 | 5.0~5.7 | Bal. |
| 1Cr20Al3 | 18.0~21.0 | ≤0.60 | 3.0~4.2 | Bal. |
Alloy 600 is a nickel-chromium alloy with good oxidation resistance at high temperatures and resistance to chloride-ion stress-corrosion cracking, corrosion by high-purity water, and caustic corrosion. Used for furnace components, in chemical and food processing, in nuclear engineering, and for sparking electrodes.
Chemical Compositions:
| C | Cr | Cu | Fe | Mn | Ni. | S | Si |
| Max 0.15 | 14-17 | Max 0.50 | 6-10 | Max1.0 | Min72 | Max0.015 | Max0.50 |
Physical Properties:
| Physical Properties | °F | °C | Metric Units |
| Density | Room | Room | 8.43g/cubic cm |
| Electrical Resistivity |
70 200 400 600 800 |
21 93 204 316 427 |
1.03 microhm-m 1.04 1.05 1.07 1.09 |
| Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion |
70-200 70-400 70-600 70-800 |
21-93 21-204 21-316 21-427 |
13.3 x 10(-6)m/m·K 13.9 14.2 14.6 |
| Thermal Conductivity |
70 200 400 600 800 |
21 93 204 316 427 |
14.8 W/m·K 15.7 17.4 19.2 20.9 |
| Modulus of Elasticity |
Room | Room | 207 GPa |
Mechanical Properties:
| Condition | Tensile Strength | % Elongation in 2" |
Rockwell Hardness |
|
| Annealed As-drawn Annealed As-rolled Hot-finished |
80-100 105-150 80-100 85-120 80-120 |
552-689 724-1034 552-689 586-827 586-827 |
55-35 30-10 55-35 50-30 50-30 |
65-85B 90B-30C 65-85B 75-95B 75-95B |
Alloy 601 is a high corrosion and heat-resistant nickel base alloy poessing good high temperature strength and corrosion resistance. It has been widely used in heat treat furnace fixtures and components such as annealing tubes, muffles, flame shields. The outstanding characteristic of INCONEL alloy 601 is its resistance to high-temperature oxidation. The alloy also has good resistance to aqueous corrosion,has high mechanical strength, and is readily formed, machined, and welded.
Chemical Compositions:
| C | Mn | Si | S | Cu | Cr | Al | Ni | Fe |
| Max 0.10 | Max 1.0 | Max 0.50 | Max 0.015 | Max 1.0 | 21-25 | 1.0-1.7 | 58-63 | Balance |
Physical Properties:
| Density | 8.1 g/cm3 |
| Specific Heat | 461 J/kg K |
| Electrical Resistivity | 119 micro ohms cm |
| Curie Temperature | -190℃ |
|
Melting Range |
1320 - 1370℃ |
| Thermal Expansion(10-6K) | 14.9 (20-300℃) |
Mechanical Properties:
| Yield Strength | Rp 0.2% |
| 20℃ | 205 N/mm sq |
| 100℃ | 190 N/mm sq |
| 200℃ | 180 N/mm sq |
| 300℃ | 170 N/mm sq |
| 400℃ | 160 N/mm sq |
| Tensile Strength | 550N/mm sq |
| Elongation | 30% |
A nickel-iron controlled-expansion alloy containing 41% nickel. It has a low and nominally constant coefficient of thermal expansion from room temperature to about 300°C. Used for glass-to-metal sealing of components that are enclosed in a glass envelope, such as lamps and electron tubes.
Chemical Compositions:
| C | Mn | Si | Ni | Fe |
| Max 0.05 | 0.40 | 0.25 | 41.0 | Balance |
Physical Properties:
| DENSITY | 8.11 g/cm3 | 0.293 lb/in3 |
| MELTING POINT | 1435oC | 2615oF |
| INFLECTION POINT | 370°C | 700°F |
| THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY | 10.5 W/m°C | 72.8 btuin/ft2h°F |
Mechanical Properties in the Annealed Condition:
| Tensile Strength |
Yield |
% Elongation in 2" |
Hardness Rockwell B |
||
| ksi | MPa | ksi | MPa | ||
| 75 | 517 | 40 | 276 | 30 | 76 |
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion:
| Temperature Range | Coefficient of Thermal Expansion | ||
| ℃ | ℉ | /℃ | 10-6/℉ |
|
20~100 20~150 20~200 20~250 20~300 20~350 |
68~212 68~302 68~392 68~482 68~572 68~662 |
5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.4 |
2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 |
A nickel-iron controlled-expansion alloy containing 46% nickel.
Nominal Compositions:
|
C |
Mn |
Si |
Ni |
Fe |
|
Max 0.05 |
0.40 |
0.25 |
46 |
Balance |
A nickel-iron controlled-expansion alloy containing 48% nickel.
Nominal Compositions:
| C | Mn | Si | Ni | Fe |
| Max 0.05 | 0.40 | 0.25 | 48 | Balance |
A nickel-iron controlled-expansion alloy containing 50.5% nickel. One of the glass to metal sealing alloys designed for use with a variety of soft glasses.
Nominal Compositions:
| C | Mn | Si | Ni | Fe |
| Max0.02 | 0.35 | 0.20 | 50.5 | Balance |
Super Invar is an iron-nickel-cobalt alloy that exhibits approximately one half of the thermal expansion of Invar 36 alloy near the room temperature. Applications include structural components for supports and substrates in optical and laser systems requiring precision measurements.
Nominal Compositions:
| C | Mn | Si | Ni | Co | Fe |
| Max.0.02 | 0.35 | 0.20 | 32 | 5.5 | Balance |
This kind of alloy's magnetic permeability decreases with the temperature rise; it is widely used for electric meter, mileage meter, and tachometer.
Including Ni30Fe / Ni31Fe / Ni32Fe.
NiFe Soft Magnetic Alloy is famous for its high magnetic permeability and low coercivity in low-intensity magnetic field. High hardness, high resistivity and low loss are some of its distinctive features. It is mainly used for transformer, circuit breaker, micromotor and direct current frequency converter.
Including 45%~50% Ni-Fe / 70%~81% Ni-Fe.
| Chemical Compositions（%） | EMF Values (µV) | ||||||||
| 100℃ | 200℃ | ||||||||
| Cu | Ni | Cr | Si | Fe | Class I | Class II | Class I | Class II | |
| TPX | 100 | - | - | - | - | 763～783 | 761～785 | 1826~1846 | 1824～1848 |
| TNX | 55 | 45 | - | - | - | 3468～3544 | 7413～7489 | 7413～7489 | 7373～7529 |
| KPX | - | 90 | 10 | - | - | 2816～2896 | 2791～2921 | 5938～6018 | 5913～6043 |
| KNX | - | 97 | - | 3 | - | 1220～1260 | 1205～1275 | 2140～2180 | 2125～2195 |
| EPX | - | 90 | 10 | - | - | 2764～2864 | 2734～2894 | 5919～6019 | 5889～6049 |
| ENX | 55 | 45 | - | - | - | 3436～3576 | 3386～3626 | 7381～7521 | 7331～7571 |
| JPX | - | - | - | 100 | - | - | 1744～1813 | - | 3347～3403 |
| JNX | 55 | 45 | - | - | - | - | 3384～3595 | - | 7290～7514 |
| RC | 99.4 | 0.6 | - | - | - | - | -79～-175 | - | -348～-444 |
| SC | 99.4 | 0.6 | - | - | - | - | -79～-175 | - | -348～-444 |
Chemical Compositions:
| C | Cu | Fe | Ti | Mn | Si | Al | Ni |
| 0.025 | 0.10 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 5 | Bal. |
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